A PV system typically consists of 4 basic components.
The PV Array: Electricity is generated by solar cells. Individual solar cells are grouped together into a solar “panel” or “module”. Then, several solar modules are grouped together to form a PV array.
The inverter: Power produced by the PV array is direct current, or DC power. That power needs to be converted to alternating current, or AC power, before it can be connected to the utlity grid. The inverter is the heart of the system and is resposible for performing this conversion safely and efficiently.
The Utility Meter: The utility meter tells you – and the power company – how much power you’re using as well as how much power you have fed into the utility grid. Many states have programs that credit you for the power that you generate and feed into the grid. The meter tracks the amount of each.
Performance Monitoring: Various forms of meters ranging from simple displays to wireless monitors and web-based data access are used to track the performance of PV systems. There are several options available to suit your specific needs.